Allport’s theory
·
Gordon W. Allport (1897-1967)
·
According to Allport trait is the basic
unit of the personality
·
Each of us develops a unique set of such
organized tendencies termed as traits in the course of our continues and
gradual development.
·
Allport distinguish three types of
traits
Cardinal
traits:
·
It refers to the single trait that
dominates an individual’s entire personality.
·
It appears most of the individuals
·
Dominate an individual’s whole life.
·
People with such personalities often
become so known for these traits that their names are often synonymous with
these qualities.
·
Ex: Gandhiji’s simplicity
Central
traits:
·
It represents those few characteristic
tendencies which can be ordinarily used to describe a person.
·
The general characteristics that form
the basic foundations of personality.
·
Not as dominating as cardinal traits
·
Ex: intelligent,
honest, shy and anxious
Secondary
traits:
·
Often appear only in certain situations
or under specific circumstances.
·
Not as dominant as the cardinal or
central trait.
·
They appear only a relatively small
range of situations.
v Cardinal
traits are thus central to the description of the personality.
v These
traits combined with a few central traits from the core characteristics traits
responsible for giving uniqueness to one’s personality.
v Remaining
traits not so generalized, that common to all persons.
v According
to Allport 4541 psychological traits from describing human personality
v His
theory emphasis on functional autonomy also.
v Individualized
approach is the study of the personality.
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